Instead of that, explicit stand-alone Chillu a would be used.Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters.Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.Malayalam text used in this article is transliterated into the Latin script according to the ISO 15919 standard.
Like many other Indic scripts, it is an alphasyllabary ( abugida ), a writing system that is partially alphabetic and partially syllable-based. The modern Malayalam alphabet has 15 vowel letters, 42 consonant letters, and a few other symbols. The Malayalam script is a Vatteluttu alphabet extended with symbols from the Grantha alphabet to represent Indo-Aryan loanwords. The script is also used to write several minority languages such as Paniya, Betta Kurumba, and Ravula. The Malayalam language itself was historically written in several different scripts. However, the modern Malayalam script evolved from the Grantha alphabet, which was originally used to write Sanskrit. Both Vatteluttu and Grantha evolved from the Tamil-Brahmi, but independently. In the Tamil country, the modern Tamil script had supplanted Vattezhuthu by the 15th century, but in the Malabar region, Vattezhuthu remained in general use up to the 17th century, 7 or the 18th century. A variant form of this script, Kolezhuthu, was used until about the 19th century mainly in the Kochi area and in the Malabar area. Another variant form, Malayanma, was used in the south of Thiruvananthapuram. While Malayalam script was extended and modified to write vernacular language Malayalam, the Tigalari was written for Sanskrit only. ![]() Like Tamil-Brahmi, it was originally used to write Tamil, and as such, did not have letters for voiced or aspirated consonants used in Sanskrit but not used in Tamil. For this reason, Vatteluttu and the Grantha alphabet were sometimes mixed, as in the Manipravalam. One of the oldest examples of the Manipravalam literature, Vaishikatantram (, Vaiikatantram ), dates back to the 12th century, 13 14 where the earliest form of the Malayalam script was used, which seems to have been systematized to some extent by the first half of the 13th century. His works became unprecedentedly popular to the point that the Malayali people eventually started to call him the father of the Malayalam language, which also popularized Arya-eluttu as a script to write Malayalam. ![]() The Malayalam script as it is today was modified in the middle of the 19th century when Hermann Gundert invented the new vowel signs to distinguish them. Nowadays, it is widely used in the press of the Malayali population in Kerala. In 1967, the government appointed a committee headed by Sooranad Kunjan Pillai, who was the editor of the Malayalam Lexicon project. It reduced number of glyphs required for Malayalam printing from around 1000 to around 250. Above committees recommendations were further modified by another committee in 1969. The reformed script came into effect on 15 April 1971 (the Kerala New Year ), by a government order released on 23 March 1971. The glyph of each consonant had its own way of ligating with these vowel signs. This irregularity was simplified in the reformed script. As per that, a vowel sign or the consonant sign would always have a disconnected symbol that does not fuse with the base consonant.
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